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Background:Knee osteoarthritis (OA) damages the proprioceptors within the joint cavity which in turn may lead to impairment of balance, an integral part of mobility.Fears and beliefs about knee osteoarthritis in patients with knee osteoarthritis are found to have an adverse impact on their function. Objectives:The study aimed to evaluate the correlation between fearsand beliefs about knee osteoarthritis and balance in patientswith Knee OA. Material andMethods:In an observational analytical study males and females with OA knee were included. Fears and beliefs wereassesse d usingthe Knee Osteoarthritis Fears and Beliefs Questionnaire (KOFBeQ), balancewas tested using the Functional Reach Test (FRT) and pain was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).Result:Forty-six patients were evaluated. Mean pain scorewas 4±1.5, FRT score 8.7±2.4inches, KOFBeq score33 ±13.8. Correlation was found using Spearman coefficient, r=0.178, p=0.23(balance and KOFBeq), r=-0.264, p=0.7 (pain and balance), r=-0.3, p=0.018(pain and KOFBeq) was seen.Conclusion:Fears and beliefs about knee osteoarthritis were present with impaired functional balance. Weaknegative correlationwas found between pain and balance and pain and fears and beliefs and no correlation were found between balance and fearsand beliefs.
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Background:Few studies have been done in India about factors which can influence patient’s adherence to self-management protocol and a physiotherapist’s view on subject of adherence.Material & Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted via a self-made questionnaire consisting of 20 items. Fifty final BPT and 1styear post graduate students were asked to choosethemost appropriate answer from options given. Descriptive analysis was done using Google Forms.Results:62% strongly agreed that self-management is important. Good self-management strategies should have clarity of instructions (66%), beproper and should be easy to follow (50%). 86% believed proper communication skills, strategy prescription, knowledge, monitoring and follow up by therapist will help patient adhere to strategies. Willingness to exercise (48%), Positive belief in exercise(44%) and Age(56%) were thought to influence patient adherence. Stigma associated with disability (52%), poor inter-professional relation (86%), are barriers. Properly educating the patient about his condition(96%), involving the family members(92%) were believed to be facilitators. 46% therapists agreed that a passive approach should not be used. 54% strongly disagreed they don’t have time to assess patient adherence.Conclusion:Physiotherapists agree that patient’s adherence to physiotherapist prescribed self-management strategies is essential for clinical practice. There is a need to use different approaches to increase patient adherence.
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Background: Antenatal physiotherapy plays a key role in the health of the fetus and the pregnant woman. Awareness regarding the same is very important to motivate women to attend antenatal classes. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of antenatal physiotherapy as well as an insight into the attitude and perception of the same among pregnant women of Ahmedabad. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a semi-government hospital. A total of 100 pregnant women, in any trimester were approached with a self-administered multiple choice questionnaire. Questions regarding their knowledge, attitude, and perception regarding antenatal physiotherapy were asked. Descriptive analysis of data obtained was done. Results: Knowledge regarding antenatal exercises was fairly low. A large number of subject population (91%, n = 91) was aware of the role of physiotherapy in general health and well-being. A sufficient number of subjects (59%, n = 59) were informed regarding the uses of physiotherapy in backache. However, only 2% of the population was familiar with the role of pelvic floor muscle strengthening in urinary incontinence. The attitude of the patients toward antenatal physiotherapy was favorable (72%, n = 72), whereas the attitude toward postnatal physiotherapy was comparatively less favorable (39%, n = 39). The perception of physiotherapy was restricted to exercises (88%, n = 88), massage (63%, n = 63), and hot water fomentation (18%, n = 18). Conclusion: Knowledge and perception regarding antenatal physiotherapy were fairly low, but the attitude of the patients was favorable.
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Introduction: The diaphragm is man's main respiratory muscle. The role of the abdominal muscles is seen in both quiet and forceful breathing. Abdominal muscle function could be affected in subjects with back pain. Few studies are done about the relation between expiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of abdominal muscle strength with pulmonary function in patients with low back pain. Materials and methods: Sixty subjects with low back pain were included in the study. Subjects with history of acute or chronic respiratory disorders were excluded. Abdominal muscle strength was measured by curl up test and FEV1/FVC and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was measured to assess pulmonary functional. Results: Using Spearman test for correlation between abdominal muscle strength and FEV1/FVC (r= - 0.27, p=0.03), and between abdominal muscle strength and PEFR (r=0.34, p=0.007) was seen. Conclusion: There was a weak correlation between abdominal muscle strength and pulmonary function in subjects of low back pain.
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Background: The growth of population, industry, number of vehicles and improper implementation of stringent emission standard makes the problem of air pollution worse. Automobile exhaust consists of particulate matter and gases which cause injury to the terminal bronchioles and decrease in the pulmonary compliance and vital capacity and PEFR. Aim: The present study aimed at assessing the Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in healthy working women in the Ahmedabad compared to healthy housewives of same age to see the effect of short duration daily exposure of traffic air pollutants on PEFR. Materials and methods: An observational study was conducted in the community of Ahmedabad with 30 females between the ages of 30-40 years, divided into 2 groups. Group 1 comprised of 15 healthy housewives and Group 2 comprised of 15 healthy working women. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) using a Wrights peak flow meter was measured in liter per minute. Three such readings were taken in standing posture. The highest of the three values obtained was treated as the peak expiratory flow rate. Results: The mean PEFR of the housewives and working women was 304±60.80litres/min and 285.33±45.01 litres/min respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of the study (p=0.208, z= -1.259). Conclusion: There is no difference between the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate between healthy housewives and working women in Ahmedabad.
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Background: Low back pain and pelvic pain are most common symptoms of Primary dysmenorrhea. Most commonly used treatments are pharmacological drugs. TENS has been found to be effective for primary dysmenorrhea according to Parisa P. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) can be given in pre-menstrual days or during menstrual cycle and in both phases TENS has been shown to be effective. So this study was done to see and compare the effect of TENS in primary dysmenorrhea in both phases. Aim: The present study aimed at assessing effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Pain in Subjects with Primary Dysmenorrhea. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in community of Ahmadabad. Non athletic females between 18-25 years of age, diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea with regular menstrual cycle and no other medical conditions were included in this study. 30 subjects included by convenience sampling were randomly divided in 2 groups. Both groups were given 20 minutes of TENS, to back over para spinal region (L5-S1) at 100 Hz frequency with 80 µs at comfortable intensity, once daily for 3 days. One of 2 groups was treated on three premenstrual days and other group was treated at same dose during initial three days of menstrual cycle. Outcome measure used was visual analogue scale. Level of significance was kept at 5%. Results: Wilcoxon test was used to compare mean preVAS, 5.36±1.652 and postVAS, 2.85±1.711, in group A (W/z= -3.413, p= 0.001). Wilcoxon test was used to compare mean preVAS 4.61±1.187 and postVAS 2.77±1.102, in group B (W/z= -3.408, p= 0.001). Mean difference between group A and B was 2.17± 0.87.Applying Mann-Whitney U Test (U= 63.500, p=0.042) showed significant difference between groups. Patel V, Sheth M, Vyas N. Effect of transcutaneous electrical Nerve stimulation on pain in subjects with primary dysmenorrhea. IAIM, 2016; 3(6): 1-5. Page 2 Conclusion: Use of TENS for 3 days before or during menstrual cycle is effective in reducing pain. However use of TENS in premenstrual phase is more effective for reducing pain.
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Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) is a prebiotic, becoming apparent for its therapeutic role for diseased conditions like CHD, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. CHD and hypertension are one of the most prevalent NCD’s encountered in diabetic adults. Present study aims to assess the effect of FOS supplementation in type 2 diabetic adults on their lipemic, biophysical parameters and gut microflora parameters. A cross-sectional study was designed with 65 adult type 2 diabetics enrolled from Health clinic of The M.S. University of Baroda, Gujarat. All the subjects were randomly divided into two groups control and experimental. The experimental group was given 10 g of fructooligosaccharide and compared with the controls for lipemic parameters, hypertension and fecal counts in terms of lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria and enteric pathogen. Eight week supplementation of FOS resulted in an appreciable reduction in serum TC, TG and LDL levels by 10%, 4.9% and 7.8% respectively. A significant reduction (p<0.05) in systolic blood pressure was also observed as a result of FOS supplementation in the experimental group. A decline was seen in TC/HDL, LDL/HDL and non-HDL by 10.4%, 7.6% and 6.6% respectively (p<0.05, p<0.001). Gut microbiota values exhibited a significant increment in fecal log10 counts of Lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria by 9.3% and 10.9% respectively (p<0.001) while a significant reduction by 4.8% (p<0.001) was observed for Enteric pathogen. These outcomes revealed an efficacy of FOS in reducing serum lipid parameters, systolic BP and improving the gut microbiota in type 2 diabetic adults.
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Hazards and critical control points were identified during the preparation, feeding and storage of weaning foods fed to the children (6-24 months) belonging to low income group (LIG) families using survey methods, spot and indepth observations and microbial analysis. High microbial counts were obtained for the weaning food samples procured from the families that were rated as poor for both personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. Food samples that were held at ambient temperature (25-35 degrees C) showed high counts of coliforms, AMCC, yeast and mold, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. Spice mixtures and mop samples also revealed high counts for all these organisms. Coliforms were not isolated from the water samples of all the 10 households. However, a high count of Bacillus cereus (10(3-5)/ml) was observed in water samples of two selected households. The hazards and critical control points identified were high initial contamination of raw foods, poor environmental sanitation and personal hygiene, feeding of overnight moist foods stored at ambient temperature and insufficient steaming of these foods.
Subject(s)
Bacillus cereus/isolation & purification , Child, Preschool , Data Collection , Diarrhea/etiology , Food Microbiology , Humans , Infant , Infant Food/adverse effects , Risk Factors , Sanitation , Socioeconomic Factors , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Water Microbiology , WeaningABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Esophageal motility and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure change with rapid changes in intraabdominal pressure (IAP); the response of these to slow change in IAP is not known. AIMS: To study esophageal body motility and LES pressures in patients with cirrhosis with tense ascites in the basal state and after paracentesis. METHODS: Twenty four patients with cirrhosis of liver and tense ascites and 13 with cirrhosis without ascites (controls) were studied. Basal intragastric (IGP) and LES pressures, and esophageal body response to water swallows, were recorded using a water perfusion system; IAP was measured in patients with ascites. In patients with ascites, the study was repeated twice: after paracentesis of two liters of fluid and after adequate control of ascites. RESULTS: Basal IGP (p = 0.002) and duration of esophageal contraction (p = 0.01) were lower in controls, but basal LES pressures were similar in the two groups. After control of ascites, IAP (p = 0.02) and IGP (p = 0.005) decreased; amplitude and duration of distal esophageal contraction decreased (p < 0.05). The frequency of high-amplitude waves also decreased (p = 0.04). LES pressure remained unaltered. CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal contraction duration is increased in the presence of ascites, and decreases after control of ascites; LES pressure is not affected by ascites.
Subject(s)
Ascites/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Esophagogastric Junction/physiopathology , Esophagus/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Liver Cirrhosis/physiopathology , Male , Manometry , Middle Aged , Paracentesis , Peristalsis , Pressure , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy (EVS) and ligation (EVL) are reported to be associated with altered esophageal motility. Most studies have been in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and ascites. AIMS: To study the early effect of EVS and EVL in patients with portal hypertension without ascites. METHODS: Forty six portal hypertensive patients without ascites underwent esophageal manometry 24 h prior to EVS or EVL and within 24 h of two subsequent sessions. Nineteen such patients but without prior gastrointestinal bleed were studied once as controls. RESULTS: The protocol was completed in 35 patients (cirrhosis--16, noncirrhotic portal hypertension--19; 27 men; mean age 36 years). Basal midexpiratory lower esophageal sphincter pressure was similar in the study group (mean [SD] 20.1 [9.1] mmHg) and controls (17.6 [6.0] mmHg); the pressure did not change following EVS or EVL. Amplitude of contractions in the lower 5 cm of the esophageal body was similar in the two groups (84.8 [43.1] mmHg and 95.9 [59.6] mmHg), and decreased (63.6 [34.0] mmHg; p = 0.03) after two sessions of variceal therapy. The duration of contraction did not change following intervention. Nonperistaltic waves > 2 of 10 swallows were present during the baseline study in 9 patients in each group; 13 and 21 patients (p < 0.02 compared to baseline) developed them after the first and second sessions of therapy, respectively. Percentage of abnormal waves also increased following therapy. Thirteen patients developed esophageal ulcers; there was no correlation between the presence of ulcers and dysmotility. There was no difference in the changes between the EVS and EVL groups, and between patients with cirrhosis and noncirrhotic portal hypertension. CONCLUSION: Both EVS and EVL affect esophageal motility; these changes do not cause significant esophageal symptoms.